Njikọta na njirimara nke Butane Sulfonate Cellulose Ether Mmiri Reducer

E jiri microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) nke nwere oke polymerization nke e nwetara site na acid hydrolysis nke mkpụrụ owu cellulose dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe. N'oge ọrụ nke sodium hydroxide, e mere ka ọ dị ka 1,4-butane sultone (BS) iji nweta ihe na-ebelata mmiri cellulose butyl sulfonate (SBC) nke nwere ezigbo mmiri ịgbaze. E ji infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) na usoro nyocha ndị ọzọ mara ihe owuwu ngwaahịa ahụ, a nyochakwara ogo polymerization, raw material ratio, na reaction nke MCC. Mmetụta nke ọnọdụ usoro sịntetik dị ka okpomọkụ, oge reaction, na ụdị ihe na-egbochi mmiri na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na: mgbe ogo polymerization nke ihe eji emepụta ihe MCC bụ 45, oke oke nke ihe ndị na-emeghachi omume bụ: AGU (cellulose glucoside unit): n (NaOH): n (BS) = 1.0: 2.1: 2.2, Ihe na-egbochi ihe bụ isopropanol, oge mmalite nke ihe eji emepụta ihe na okpomọkụ ụlọ bụ awa 2, oge mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ahụ bụ awa 5. Mgbe okpomọkụ dị 80°C, ngwaahịa enwetara nwere oke kachasị elu nke nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid, ngwaahịa ahụ nwekwara arụmọrụ kachasị mma na-ebelata mmiri.

Okwu ndị dị mkpa:cellulose; cellulose butylsulfonate; ihe na-ebelata mmiri; arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri

1、Okwu Mmalite

Ihe na-eme ka simenti dị elu bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka simenti ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi ọdịdị nke ihe na-ebelata mmiri ka a ga-eji na-ekwe nkwa na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọ ga-adịgide adịgide, ọbụnakwa sie ike nke simenti. Ihe ndị na-ebelata mmiri dị elu nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a gụnyere ụdị ndị a: ihe na-ebelata mmiri naphthalene (SNF), ihe na-ebelata mmiri na-eme ka simenti dị elu nke sulfonated melamine (SMF), ihe na-ebelata mmiri na-eme ka simenti dị elu nke sulfamate (ASP), ihe na-ebelata Lignosulfonate (ML), na ihe na-ebelata mmiri na-eme ka simenti dị elu (PC), nke a na-eme nnyocha nke ọma ugbu a. N'ịtụle usoro mmepụta nke ihe na-ebelata mmiri, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-ebelata mmiri condensate ọdịnala gara aga na-eji formaldehyde nwere isi siri ike dị ka ihe eji eme ka simenti dị elu, a na-ejikwa acid sulfuric ma ọ bụ acid sulfuric concentrated eme usoro sulfonation. Nke a ga-akpata mmetụta ọjọọ na ndị ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ ga-emekwa ka ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu na mmiri mkpofu dị ukwuu, nke na-adịghị mma maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide; Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị na-ebelata mmiri polycarboxylate nwere uru nke obere mfu nke simenti ka oge na-aga, obere dose, na ezigbo mmiri na-asọfe. O nwere uru nke nnukwu njupụta na enweghị ihe na-egbu egbu dị ka formaldehyde, mana ọ siri ike ịkwalite ya na China n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Site na nyocha nke isi iyi ihe eji emepụta ihe, ọ naghị esiri ike ịchọpụta na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-ebelata mmiri a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ ndị a na-emepụta dabere na ngwaahịa/ngwaahịa petrochemical, ebe mmanụ ala, dị ka ihe a na-apụghị imeghari, na-adị ụkọ ma ọnụ ahịa ya na-arị elu mgbe niile. Ya mere, otu esi eji akụrụngwa eke dị ọnụ ala na nke bara ụba dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị elu dị elu eme ihe aghọwo ntụziaka nyocha dị mkpa maka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị elu dị ka simenti.

Cellulose bụ macromolecule linear nke e ji ejikọta ọtụtụ D-glucopyranose na njikọ β-(1-4) glycosidic. E nwere otu hydroxyl atọ na mgbanaka glucopyranosyl ọ bụla. Ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike nweta mmeghachi omume ụfọdụ. N'akwụkwọ a, ejiri mkpụrụ owu cellulose mee ihe dị ka ihe mbụ e ji eme ihe, mgbe acid hydrolysis gasịrị iji nweta microcrystalline cellulose nwere ogo polymerization kwesịrị ekwesị, sodium hydroxide mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ma jiri 1,4-butane sultone meghachi omume iji kwadebe butyl sulfonate Acid cellulose ether superplasticizer, a tụlere ihe ndị na-emetụta mmeghachi omume ọ bụla.

2. Nnwale

2.1 Ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe

Mkpụrụ osisi owu Cellulose, ogo polymerization 576, Xinjiang Aoyang Technology Co., Ltd.; 1,4-butane sultone (BS), ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nke Shanghai Jiachen Chemical Co., Ltd. mepụtara; 52.5R simenti nkịtị Portland, Urumqi Ụlọ ọrụ simenti nyere ya; ájá ọkọlọtọ China ISO, nke Xiamen Ace Ou Standard Sand Co., Ltd. mepụtara; sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, isopropanol, anhydrous methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, petroleum ether, wdg., niile dị ọcha n'ụzọ nyocha, dị maka azụmahịa.

2.2 Usoro nnwale

Tụọ oke mkpụrụ osisi owu ma gwerie ya nke ọma, tinye ya n'ime karama olu atọ, tinye obere mkpokọta hydrochloric acid a gwakọtara agwakọta, kpalie ka ọ kpoo ọkụ ma hichaa ya ruo oge ụfọdụ, jụọ oyi ruo okpomọkụ ụlọ, yochaa ya, saa ya na mmiri ruo mgbe ọ na-anọpụ iche, wee kpoo ya na 50°C iji nweta ya Mgbe ị nwetasịrị ihe ndị dị na microcrystalline cellulose nwere ogo dị iche iche nke polymerization, tụọ ogo polymerization ha dịka akwụkwọ si dị, tinye ya na karama mmeghachi omume olu atọ, kwụnye ya na ihe na-egbochi ya ugboro iri nke oke ya, tinye obere ego nke sodium hydroxide mmiri mmiri n'okpuru ịkpalite ya, Gwakọta ma rụọ ọrụ na okpomọkụ ụlọ maka oge ụfọdụ, tinye ego agbakọrọ nke 1,4-butane sultone (BS), kpoo ya ọkụ ruo okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume, meghachi omume na okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide maka oge ụfọdụ, jụọ oyi ngwaahịa ahụ ruo okpomọkụ ụlọ, wee nweta ngwaahịa ahụ site na nzacha mmiri. Sachaa ya na mmiri na methanol maka ugboro atọ, ma jiri mmiri sachaa ya iji nweta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, ya bụ cellulose butylsulfonate water reducer (SBC).

2.3 Nyocha na njirimara ngwaahịa

2.3.1 Nchọpụta nke ọdịnaya sọlfọ nke ngwaahịa na ngụkọ nke ogo nnọchi

E jiri ihe nyocha elemental FLASHEA-PE2400 mee nyocha elemental na ngwaahịa cellulose butyl sulfonate kpọrọ nkụ iji chọpụta ọdịnaya sọlfọ ahụ.

2.3.2 Nchọpụta nke mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha

A tụrụ ya dịka 6.5 na GB8076-2008. Nke ahụ bụ, buru ụzọ tụọ ngwakọta ájá mmiri/simenti/ọkọlọtọ na ihe nnwale mmiri simenti NLD-3 mgbe dayameta mgbasa ahụ bụ (180±2)mm. simenti, ihe a tụrụ atụ mmiri oriri bụ 230g), wee tinye ihe na-ebelata mmiri nke oke ya bụ 1% nke oke simenti na mmiri ahụ, dịka simenti/ihe na-ebelata mmiri/mmiri ọkọlọtọ/ájá ọkọlọtọ = 450g/4.5g/230 g/ si kwuo. A na-etinye oke nke 1350 g na ihe ngwakọta simenti JJ-5 ma gwakọta ya nke ọma, a na-atụkwa dayameta gbasaa nke simenti na ihe nnwale mmiri simenti, nke bụ mmiri simenti ọkọlọtọ a tụrụ.

2.3.3 Nkọwapụta Ngwaahịa

E ji FT-IR mara ihe nlele ahụ site na iji EQUINOX 55 ụdị Fourier transform infrared spectrometer nke Bruker Company; e ji ngwa ọrụ resonance nuklia INOVA ZAB-HS nke Varian Company chọpụta ụdị H NMR nke ihe nlele ahụ; a hụrụ ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa ahụ n'okpuru igwe mikroskopu; e mere nyocha XRD na ihe nlele ahụ site na iji X-ray diffractometer nke MAC Company M18XHF22-SRA.

3. Nsonaazụ na mkparịta ụka

3.1 Nsonaazụ njirimara

3.1.1 Nsonaazụ njirimara FT-IR

E mere nyocha infrared na microcrystalline cellulose nke ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ogo polymerization Dp=45 yana ngwaahịa SBC nke e si na ihe ndị a mepụta. Ebe ọ bụ na elu absorption nke SC na SH adịghị ike nke ukwuu, ha adabaghị maka njirimara, ebe S=O nwere oke absorption siri ike. Ya mere, enwere ike ịchọpụta ma enwere otu sulfonic acid na nhazi molekul site n'igosi na elu S=O dị. N'ụzọ doro anya, na spectrum cellulose, enwere oke absorption siri ike na nọmba ebili mmiri nke 3344 cm-1, nke a na-akpọ oke vibration hydroxyl na cellulose; oke absorption siri ike na nọmba ebili mmiri nke 2923 cm-1 bụ oke vibration agbatị nke methylene (-CH2). Oke vibration; usoro nke bands mejupụtara 1031, 1051, 1114, na 1165cm-1 na-egosipụta oke absorption nke vibration hydroxyl na oke absorption nke ether bond (COC) bending vibration; Nọmba ebili mmiri 1646cm-1 na-egosipụta hydrogen nke hydroxyl na mmiri efu mepụtara. Oke mmịpụta njikọ; eriri nke 1432~1318cm-1 na-egosipụta ịdị adị nke nhazi kristal cellulose. Na spectrum IR nke SBC, ike nke eriri 1432~1318cm-1 na-ebelata; ebe ike nke oke mmịpụta na 1653 cm-1 na-abawanye, na-egosi na ikike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen na-eme ka ọ sie ike; 1040, 605cm-1 na-apụta elu mmịpụta siri ike, abụọ a anaghị egosipụtakwa na spectrum infrared nke cellulose, nke mbụ bụ oke mmịpụta njirimara nke njikọ S=O, nke ikpeazụ bụkwa oke mmịpụta njirimara nke njikọ SO. Dabere na nyocha dị n'elu, a pụrụ ịhụ na mgbe mmeghachi omume etherification nke cellulose gasịrị, enwere otu sulfonic acid na yinye molekul ya.

Nsonaazụ njirimara NMR H 3.1.2

Enwere ike ịhụ ụdị H NMR nke cellulose butyl sulfonate: n'ime γ=1.74~2.92 bụ mgbanwe kemịkalụ hydrogen proton nke cyclobutyl, na n'ime γ=3.33~4.52 bụ selulose anhydroglucose unit Mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke oxygen proton na γ=4.52~6 bụ mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke methylene proton na otu butylsulfonic acid jikọtara na oxygen, enweghịkwa oke na γ=6~7, nke na-egosi na ngwaahịa ahụ abụghị Proton ndị ọzọ dị.

3.1.3 Nsonaazụ njirimara SEM

Nleba anya SEM nke mkpụrụ owu cellulose, mkpụrụ ndụ microcrystalline cellulose na mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose butylsulfonate. Site na inyocha nsonaazụ nyocha SEM nke mkpụrụ ndụ owu cellulose, mkpụrụ ndụ microcrystalline cellulose na mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose butanese (SBC), achọpụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ microcrystalline cellulose enwetara mgbe hydrolysis gasịrị na HCL nwere ike ịgbanwe nhazi nke eriri cellulose nke ukwuu. E bibiri nhazi fibrous ahụ, e wee nweta obere mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose agglomerated. SBC enwetara site na imeghachi omume na BS enweghị usoro fibrous ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ usoro amorphous, nke bara uru maka mgbaze ya na mmiri.

3.1.4 Nsonaazụ njirimara XRD

Nha kristal nke cellulose na ihe ndị sitere na ya na-egosi pasentị nke mpaghara kristal nke nhazi nke cellulose unit mepụtara n'ozuzu ya. Mgbe cellulose na ihe ndị sitere na ya na-eme mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, njikọ hydrogen dị na molekul na n'etiti molekul na-ebibi, mpaghara kristal ahụ ga-aghọkwa mpaghara amorphous, si otú a na-ebelata kristal ahụ. Ya mere, mgbanwe na kristal tupu na mgbe mmeghachi omume gasịrị bụ ihe nha nke cellulose Otu n'ime ihe achọrọ iji sonye na nzaghachi ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. E mere nyocha XRD na microcrystalline cellulose na ngwaahịa cellulose butanesulfonate. A pụrụ ịhụ site na ntụnyere na mgbe etherification gasịrị, kristal ahụ na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị mkpa, ngwaahịa ahụ agbanweela kpamkpam ka ọ bụrụ usoro amorphous, nke mere na enwere ike ịgbaze ya na mmiri.

3.2 Mmetụta nke ogo nke polymerization nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ

Mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ na-egosipụta kpọmkwem arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ na-ebelata mmiri, ọdịnaya sọlfọ dị na ngwaahịa ahụ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa na-emetụta mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ. Mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ na-atụle arụmọrụ nke mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

Mgbe ị gbanweechara ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume hydrolysis iji kwadebe MCC na ọkwa dị iche iche nke polymerization, dịka usoro dị n'elu si dị, họrọ usoro njikọta ụfọdụ iji kwadebe ngwaahịa SBC, tụọ ọdịnaya sọlfọ iji gbakọọ ogo nnọchi ngwaahịa ahụ, ma tinye ngwaahịa SBC na sistemụ ngwakọta ájá mmiri/simenti/ọkọlọtọ. Tụọ mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ.

A pụrụ ịhụ ya site na nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na n'ime usoro nyocha ahụ, mgbe ogo polymerization nke ihe eji emepụta microcrystalline cellulose dị elu, ọdịnaya sọlfọ (ogo nnọchi) nke ngwaahịa ahụ na mmiri mmiri nke ngwa ahịa ahụ dị ala. Nke a bụ n'ihi na: ibu molekul nke ihe eji emepụta obere ihe dị obere, nke na-eme ka ngwakọta nke ihe eji emepụta otu ihe ahụ na ntinye nke ihe eji emepụta etherification, si otú a na-eme ka ogo etherification nke ngwaahịa ahụ ka mma. Agbanyeghị, ọnụego mbelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ anaghị ebili n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ na mbelata nke ogo polymerization nke ihe eji emepụta ihe. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na-egosi na mmiri mmiri nke ngwakọta simenti agwakọtara na SBC nke a kwadebere site na iji microcrystalline cellulose nwere ogo polymerization Dp<96 (ibu molekul <15552) karịrị 180 mm (nke karịrị nke ahụ na-enweghị ihe na-ebelata mmiri). mmiri mmiri (benchmark fluidity), na-egosi na enwere ike ịkwadebe SBC site na iji cellulose nwere ibu molekul nke na-erughị 15552, enwere ike nweta ọnụego mbelata mmiri ụfọdụ; A na-akwadebe SBC site na iji microcrystalline cellulose nwere ogo polymerization nke 45 (ibu molekul: 7290), ma tinye ya na ngwakọta simenti, mmụba nke moto ahụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, yabụ a na-ewere ya na cellulose nwere ogo polymerization nke ihe dị ka 45 kacha mma maka nkwadebe nke SBC; mgbe ogo polymerization nke ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ karịrị 45, mmụba nke moto ahụ na-ebelata nwayọ, nke pụtara na ọnụego mbelata mmiri na-ebelata. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbe ibu molekul buru ibu, n'otu aka, viscosity nke sistemụ ngwakọta ga-abawanye, nha mgbasa nke simenti ga-emebi, mgbasa na simenti ga-adị nwayọ, nke ga-emetụta mmetụta mgbasa; n'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe ibu molekul buru ibu, macromolecules nke superplasticizer dị na nhazi coil na-enweghị usoro, nke siri ike ịmịnye n'elu ihe simenti. Mana mgbe ogo polymerization nke ihe eji emepụta ihe erughị 45, ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya sọlfọ (ogo nnọchi) nke ngwaahịa ahụ buru ibu, mmiri mmiri nke ngwakọta moto ahụ na-amalitekwa ibelata, mana mbelata ahụ dị obere. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na mgbe ibu molekul nke ihe na-ebelata mmiri dị obere, ọ bụ ezie na mgbasa molekul dị mfe ma nwee ezigbo mmiri mmiri, ike adsorption nke molekul ahụ buru ibu karịa nke molekul ahụ, agbụ ụgbọ mmiri dịkwa mkpụmkpụ, esemokwu dị n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ buru ibu, nke na-emerụ simenti ahụ. Mmetụta mgbasa adịghị mma dị ka nke ihe na-ebelata mmiri nwere ibu molekul buru ibu. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa ijikwa ibu molekul nke ihu ezi (ngalaba cellulose) nke ọma iji melite arụmọrụ nke ihe na-ebelata mmiri.

3.3 Mmetụta nke ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ

A na-achọpụta ya site na nnwale na mgbakwunye na ogo nke polymerization nke MCC, oke nke reactants, okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume, ịgbalite ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe, oge mmepụta ngwaahịa, na ụdị ihe na-egbochi ihe niile na-emetụta arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

3.3.1 Oke mmeghachi omume

(1) Usoro onunu ogwu nke BS

N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ e ji usoro ndị ọzọ chọpụta (ogo nke polymerization nke MCC bụ 45, n(MCC):n(NaOH)=1:2.1, ihe na-egbochi ya bụ isopropanol, oge ọrụ nke cellulose na okpomọkụ ụlọ bụ awa 2, okpomọkụ njikọta bụ 80°C, na oge njikọta bụ awa 5), ​​iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ọnụọgụ nke ihe nnọchi etherification 1,4-butane sultone (BS) na ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid nke ngwaahịa ahụ na mmụba nke ngwa agha ahụ.

A pụrụ ịhụ na ka ọnụọgụ BS na-abawanye, ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid na mmiri mmiri nke moto na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Mgbe oke nke BS na MCC ruru 2.2:1, mmiri mmiri nke DS na moto ahụ ruru uru kachasị., a na-ewere ya na arụmọrụ na-ebelata mmiri bụ nke kacha mma n'oge a. Uru BS nọgidere na-abawanye, ma ogo nnọchi na mmiri mmiri nke moto ahụ malitere ibelata. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbe BS karịrị akarị, BS ga-emeghachi omume na NaOH iji mepụta HO-(CH2)4SO3Na. Ya mere, akwụkwọ a na-ahọrọ oke ihe kacha mma nke BS na MCC dị ka 2.2:1.

(2) Usoro onunu ogwu nke NaOH

N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ e ji usoro ndị ọzọ chọpụta (ogo nke polymerization nke MCC bụ 45, n(BS):n(MCC)=2.2:1. Ihe na-egbochi ya bụ isopropanol, oge ọrụ nke cellulose na okpomọkụ ụlọ bụ awa 2, okpomọkụ njikọta bụ 80°C, oge njikọta ahụ bụ awa 5), ​​iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ọnụọgụ sodium hydroxide na ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid na ngwaahịa ahụ na mmụba nke ngwa agha ahụ.

A pụrụ ịhụ na, ka mmụba nke mbelata ahụ na-abawanye, oke mgbanwe nke SBC na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, ma na-amalite ibelata mgbe ọ ruru uru kachasị elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na, mgbe ọdịnaya NaOH dị elu, enwere ọtụtụ ntọala efu na sistemụ ahụ, ohere nke mmeghachi omume akụkụ na-abawanye, na-eme ka ọtụtụ ihe etherification (BS) na-esonye na mmeghachi omume akụkụ, si otú a na-ebelata ogo nnọchi nke otu sulfonic acid na ngwaahịa ahụ. Na okpomọkụ dị elu, ọnụnọ nke oke NaOH ga-emebikwa cellulose ahụ, arụmọrụ nke na-ebelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ ga-emetụtakwa na obere ọkwa nke polymerization. Dịka nsonaazụ nnwale si dị, mgbe oke molar nke NaOH na MCC dị ihe dị ka 2.1, oke mgbanwe bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, yabụ akwụkwọ a na-ekpebi na oke molar nke NaOH na MCC bụ 2.1: 1.0.

3.3.2 Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume na arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri ngwaahịa

N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ e ji usoro ndị ọzọ chọpụta (ogo nke polymerization nke MCC bụ 45, n(MCC):n(NaOH):n(BS)=1:2.1:2.2, ihe na-egbochi ya bụ isopropanol, oge ọrụ nke cellulose na okpomọkụ ụlọ bụ awa 2. Oge awa 5), ​​a nyochachara mmetụta nke okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume synthesis na ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid na ngwaahịa ahụ.

A pụrụ ịhụ na ka okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume na-abawanye, ọkwa nnọchi sulfonic acid DS nke SBC na-abawanye nwayọ nwayọ, mana mgbe okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume gafere 80 °C, DS na-egosi mgbanwe na-agbada. Mmeghachi omume etherification n'etiti 1,4-butane sultone na cellulose bụ mmeghachi omume endothermic, ịbawanye okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume na-aba uru na mmeghachi omume dị n'etiti ihe na-eme ka etherifying na otu cellulose hydroxyl, mana ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, mmetụta nke NaOH na cellulose na-abawanye nwayọ nwayọ. Ọ na-esi ike, na-eme ka cellulose gbawaa ma daa, na-ebute mbelata na ibu molekul nke cellulose na mmepụta nke obere shuga molekul. Mmeghachi omume nke obere molekul ndị dị otú ahụ na ihe na-eme ka etherifying dị mfe, a ga-erikwa ihe ndị na-eme ka etherifying dịkwuo elu, na-emetụta oke nnọchi nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Ya mere, akwụkwọ nyocha a na-atụle na okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume kachasị mma maka mmeghachi omume etherification nke BS na cellulose bụ 80 ℃.

3.3.3 Mmetụta nke oge mmeghachi omume na arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri ngwaahịa

A na-ekewa oge mmeghachi omume n'ime ime ka okpomọkụ ụlọ rụọ ọrụ nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na oge mmepụta okpomọkụ mgbe niile nke ngwaahịa.

(1) Oge ọrụ okpomọkụ ụlọ nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe

N'okpuru ọnọdụ usoro kachasị mma dị n'elu (ogo MCC nke polymerization bụ 45, n(MCC):n(NaOH):n(BS)=1:2.1:2.2, ihe na-egbochi bụ isopropanol, okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume njikọta bụ 80°C, ngwaahịa ahụ Oge njikọta okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide awa 5), ​​nyochaa mmetụta nke oge mkpali okpomọkụ ụlọ na ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid ngwaahịa.

A pụrụ ịhụ na ọkwa nke nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid nke ngwaahịa SBC na-abawanye na mbụ wee belata ka oge mmalite ahụ na-agbatị. Ihe kpatara nyocha ahụ nwere ike ịbụ na ka oge ọrụ NaOH na-abawanye, mmebi nke cellulose dị oke njọ. Belata ibu molekul nke cellulose iji mepụta obere shuga molekul. Mmeghachi omume nke obere molekul ndị dị otú ahụ na ihe ndị na-eme ka etherifying dị mfe, a ga-erikwa ihe ndị na-eme ka etherifying dịkwuo elu, na-emetụta oke nnọchi nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Ya mere, akwụkwọ a na-ewere na oge nrụpụta okpomọkụ ụlọ nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe bụ awa 2.

(2) Oge mmepụta ngwaahịa

N'okpuru ọnọdụ usoro kachasị mma dị n'elu, a nyochachara mmetụta nke oge ọrụ na okpomọkụ ụlọ na ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid nke ngwaahịa ahụ. A pụrụ ịhụ na ka oge mmeghachi omume na-agbatị, ogo nnọchi na-abawanye na mbụ, mana mgbe oge mmeghachi omume ruru awa 5, DS na-egosi mgbanwe na-agbada. Nke a metụtara ntọala efu dị na mmeghachi omume etherification nke cellulose. Na okpomọkụ dị elu, ịgbatị oge mmeghachi omume na-eduga na mmụba na ogo alkali hydrolysis nke cellulose, mkpụmkpụ nke yinye molekul cellulose, mbelata na ibu molekul nke ngwaahịa ahụ, na mmụba na mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ, na-ebute mbelata. ogo nnọchi. Na nnwale a, oge njikọta kacha mma bụ awa 5.

3.3.4 Mmetụta nke ụdị ihe na-egbochi mmiri na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ

N'okpuru ọnọdụ usoro kachasị mma (ogo polymerization MCC bụ 45, n(MCC):n(NaOH):n(BS)=1:2.1:2.2, oge mmalite nke ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ ụlọ bụ awa 2, oge mmepụta okpomọkụ mgbe niile nke ngwaahịa bụ awa 5, na okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume mmepụta 80 ℃), n'otu n'otu họrọ isopropanol, ethanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate na petroleum ether dị ka ihe ndị na-egbochi, ma kparịta mmetụta ha na arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

N'ụzọ doro anya, a pụrụ iji isopropanol, n-butanol na ethyl acetate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi mmeghachi omume a. Ọrụ nke ihe na-egbochi mmeghachi omume, na mgbakwunye na ịgbasa ihe ndị na-emeghachi omume, nwere ike ijikwa okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume. Ebe isi esi nke isopropanol bụ 82.3°C, yabụ a na-eji isopropanol eme ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi mmeghachi omume, enwere ike ijikwa okpomọkụ nke sistemụ ahụ nso okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume kachasị mma, yana ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid dị na ngwaahịa ahụ na mmiri mmiri nke moto ahụ dị elu; ebe isi esi nke ethanol dị oke elu. Obere, okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume anaghị emezu ihe achọrọ, ogo nnọchi nke otu butanesulfonic acid dị na ngwaahịa ahụ na mmiri mmiri nke moto ahụ dị ala; petroleum ether nwere ike isonye na mmeghachi omume ahụ, yabụ enweghị ike ịnweta ngwaahịa agbasasị.

Mmechi 4

(1) Iji ihe e ji owu mee ihe dị ka ihe mbụ e ji mee ya,cellulose microcrystalline (MCC)site na iji usoro polymerization kwesịrị ekwesị kwadebe, NaOH na-arụ ọrụ, ma jiri 1,4-butane sultone meghachi omume iji kwadebe butylsulfonic acid nke na-agbaze mmiri Cellulose ether, ya bụ, ihe na-ebelata mmiri dabere na cellulose. A kọwara usoro nke ngwaahịa ahụ, achọpụtakwara na mgbe mmeghachi omume etherification nke cellulose gasịrị, e nwere otu sulfonic acid dị na yinye molekul ya, nke agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ usoro amorphous, ngwaahịa ihe na-ebelata mmiri nwekwara ezigbo mmiri ịgbaze;

(2) Site na nnwale, achọpụtara na mgbe ogo polymerization nke microcrystalline cellulose bụ 45, arụmọrụ mbelata mmiri nke ngwaahịa enwetara kacha mma; n'ọnọdụ na a chọpụtara ogo polymerization nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe, oke nke reactants bụ n(MCC):n(NaOH):n(BS)=1:2.1:2.2, oge mmalite nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe n'okpomọkụ ụlọ bụ awa 2, okpomọkụ mmepụta ngwaahịa bụ 80°C, oge mmepụta bụ awa 5. Arụmọrụ mmiri kacha mma.